Tempo de leitura: 2 minutos<\/small><\/p> \n
SEZs are industrial enclaves entitled with fiscal benefits and located within a country’s sovereign borders and have the objective of increasing balance of trade and attract newer inward-investments into the country along with creation of newer jobs. SEZ, as a concept, started in mid-1950s in countries with larger presence in industrial sectors. Ireland was one of the earliest adopters in setting up SEZ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The concept of labour-arbitrage which started as a competitive advantage for nations to compete with each other for global trade, saw the 1970s develop labour-intensive manufacturing-focused SEZs.. China opened up its first SEZ in 1979 in Shenzhen, and thereafter took huge strides in institutionalizing mega-SEZs as economic power-houses. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 2 minutos<\/small> SEZs are industrial enclaves entitled with fiscal benefits and located within a country’s sovereign borders and have the objective of increasing balance of trade and attract newer inward-investments into the country along with creation of newer jobs. SEZ, as a concept, started in mid-1950s in countries with larger presence in industrial sectors. Ireland was one of the earliest adopters in setting up SEZ. The concept of labour-arbitrage which started as a competitive advantage for nations to compete with each other for global Continue lendo<\/span>\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3738,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-adm_hb2018","post-3737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artigos","category-noticias"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3737"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3739,"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3737\/revisions\/3739"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abrazpe.org.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/strong>Prior to the concept of SEZ, India relied on the Export Processing Zones (EPZs), which did not make a deep impact on foreign investors. The SEZ Act 2005 enabled private participation for infrastructure development and development of export-oriented hubs for products & services with large employment potential. The SEZ Act 2005 provided for Direct & Indirect tax exemptions by the Central Govt. and SEZ Policies of States gave concessions \/ waivers from the levies of State Govt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For manufacturing SEZs, plotted development (including development of infrastructure of utilities) is necessary and for service-sector SEZs, ready-made office spaces are mandatory structures. The more popular SEZ category in India has been the service sector as fully-furnished office premises with 24 x 7 power supply for IT units, plots with utilities (power, water, sewage, gas & fuel facilities, telecommunications, ETPs, etc.) were offered. Effectively, the tenant-IT\/ITES units had negligible investment in capital assets, which suited their operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An interesting labour related aspect is that inside SEZs, no labour unions are allowed. That\u2019s been a big positive for its users. Despite having skilled and educated workforce, states insisting for trade unions have lost out on IT \/ ITES talent employment generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SEZs across India have attracted investments of over Rs 5.2 lakh crores so far and have current capacity utilisation of just over 50%; using this capacity, they employ nearly 20 lakh people (of which IT\/ITES SEZs employ 80% of the head count). There are currently 355 SEZs of which 70% are IT \/ ITES focused. Not all of these IT \/ ITES units are focused in service exports. Many of these export products \u2013 IT software, electronic items, assembled parts such as Printed Circuit Boards, etc. Infact, SEZ\u2019s account for over 26% the total exports of the country and the export value is over Rs 7 lakh crores (Fiscal 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n